English usage

[mrmreka]

^^ English Usage ^^


هناك الكثير من الالفاظ التي قد تبدو ظاهريا وكأنها مترادفة وفقا للمعاني الواردة في المعجم او في المصادر الأخرى، ولكنها مع ذلك تختلف فيما بينها اختلافا كبيرا من حيث الاستخدام في اللغة. ومن الخطأ أن يستخدم المترجم أي من تلك الألفاظ لتحل محل أخرى ظاناً بأنه قد أدى بذلك المعنى المطلوب، حيث أن لكل لفظ استخداما خاصاً يرتبط به دون غيره، وهذا ماتمليه أساساً نوعية المادة المترجمة والعناصر التي تتكون منها تلك المادة.

ويحدث الخطأ في استخدام الألفاظ المترادفة ظاهرياً عندما يعتمد المترجم وبشكل مطلق على المعجم دون الخوض في معاني الكلمات لاختيار الانسب منها للتعبير عن المعنى الدقيق المطلوب، كما في الأمثلة الآتية:

~~ [Between]vs[Among] ~~

تستخدم "among"في حالة أن يكون الحديث عن أكثر من شخصين، بينما تستخدم"between"عندما يكون هناك شخصان فقط v
v
v Divide the apple among you three<
There was a fight between two boys<

ويمكن في حالات خاصة استخدام between لتقوم مقام الكلمة الأخرى among في سياق الجمع لأكثر من أثنين، شريطة عدم ذكر العدد تحديداً ، كأن نقول مثلاً:
There is an economic cooperation between nations worldwide<
َََََََِِِِِِ


~~ [compared to]vs[compared with] ~~

تستخدم"compared to" لمقارنة أشياء متشابهه إلى حد كبير في صفاتها ، بينما تستخدم "compared with" لمقارنة أشياء أخرى بينها اختلافات كثيرة كأن نقول:

He compared the railroad to the street<
He compared the middle ages with the modern days<
َََََََِِِِِِِ

~~[Good]vs[well]~~

تستخدم "good"كصفة للاسم بينما تستخدم"well"كصفة للفعل،مثل:

Your understanding is very good<
€You understand me very well<

نقلاً عن كتاب: دليل المترجم / The Translator’s Guide
د.صلاح حامد إسماعيل

[البـارع]

الف شكر
شرح ووافي ومفيد
ونتمنى المزيد في هذه النقطة

[mrmreka]

الشكر لك استاذي البارع

وابشر لو تبي انقل الكتاب كله نقلته تامر امر

[M.o_o.N]

mrmreka

thanks alot my dear

[mrmreka]

sis Reona
Welcome

[Petunia]

sis mrmreka

that's right sometimes we change the whole meaning when we don't

use the appropriat word for what we have translated

so we must be aware of such things
............................

thanks dear really very important issue

[mrmreka]

This is true, dear

Thank you from the depths of your presence beautiful

best wishes

[وردة الطائف****]

شكرا لك هذا التوضيح الرائع

[mrmreka]

وردة الطائف
الشكر لكـ على مرورك الاروع

[The Soul Of hope]

bundles of thanks my sister

I 'm waiting for the rest if you have :)

[mrmreka]

Thank you dear
I will complete the rest for you

[ACME]

This is just an addition to what had been written
good = adjective
well = adverb

Therefore it has to be we eat well as we are describing how we eat and drink. It might be said that adverbs answer the question How…? whilst adjectives answer the question What sort of…?

Study the following:

'She speaks good Japanese.'
'She speaks Japanese well.'
'She speaks Japanese better than I do.'
Note that better is the comparative form of both good and well.


In English, we often play around with basic language, whether consciously or unconsciously, for effect. So, whilst 'we eat well and drink well' would be grammatically correct, 'we eat good and drink well' may be more effective in terms of impact because it breaks the grammatical rule. I would not recommend it, however, if you are taking an exam, but it will sound good over a drink with friends.


Why not sound well in this particular example? It is because when we use verbs such as be, seem, appear, sound, look, feel, smell, taste, they are followed by adjectives rather than adverbs as we are describing the subject of the sentence rather than the action of the verb.

So we have:

'She looks really good in those clothes.'

'The food at the reception tasted really good - better than the food we had last year.'

'There's no way he'll get a distinction, but the work he's done appears good enough for a pass.'

'I felt really good when she congratulated me on winning the essay prize.'



For similar reasons we would talk about:
A good-looking woman.
A good-natured boy. (good describes his nature)
But we would also say:
A well-dressed woman. (well tells us how she dresses)
A well-behaved boy. (well tells us how he behaves)
Look up good and well in your dictionaries to see if you can find further examples of adjectives formed in this way.


The only time when well can be used as an adjective by itself is when we are talking about someone's health. Here well means in good health. Compare the following:
'How are you today?' 'Fine. Very well, thanks. / Not very well, actually.'

'I often feel unwell when I'm on a boat, but as soon as I get off, I'm fine.



Note that the expression well and good is used to indicate that you find a particular situation satisfactory or acceptable. Thus, we might say:
'If you can do the job in less time and leave early, I don't mind. That's (all very) well and good.'

'If you want to stay here on your own over Christmas, well and good.



Incidentally, there is now a trend among young people, particularly in the 18 - 25 age range, to use well instead of very in expressions like:
'I am well happy with that.'

'I was well tired last night.

'She was well pleased with her birthday present.'
Again it breaks the rule and is effective in the impact it makes.

Well used in this way often refers to exceptional circumstances or is used as a summary statement. I wonder if this creative use of the English language has reached you yet in your part of the world?

[ACME]

[B]Home and House[/B
]House describes a particular type of building.

Home is the place where you live and feel that you belong to.

Compare the following:

'Most people in Britain live in semi-detached houses.'

'We’re going to buy Emma a doll’s house for Christmas.'

'The Houses of Parliament in London are visited by 50,000 people each year.'

'I’ve enjoyed living abroad for the last six years, but it’s time for me to go back home now!'

'We were at home in bed when our car was stolen from outside the house.'

'These children need a good home and we are in a position to give them one.'



Note also the differences in meaning and use between 'houseproud', 'housework' and 'homework', 'homesick' and 'homeless'.

Study the following:

'I did my housework (i.e. cleaning the house) this morning and my homework (work given to me by my school to do at home) this afternoon.'

'People say that I’m houseproud because I spend so much time cleaning the house so that others will admire it.'

'She said that she was missing her home and family so much. She sounded really homesick.'

'I am homeless. I have no home to go to.

[ACME]

فى مجال English Usage انصح الجميع بالكتاب التالى
Practical English Usage
by Michael Swan
الكتاب يعتبر مرجع شامل وهو متوفر فى جرير و العبيكان وسعره 90ريال تقريبا

[mrmreka]

استاذي الفاضل sirhasan
thank you a lot
اضافات رائعة
جزاك الله كل الخير وكتب لك الأجر

[MisS shy]

mrmreka
الله يوفقك فى امتحاناتك..
sirhasan
جزاك الله كل خير وبارك الله فيك

[البـارع]

sirhasan
many thanks dear brother for the valuable addition

[mrmreka]

Miss shy


آميــــــــــن يارب
الله يسعدك ويوفقك في حياتك